Profit
And Loss
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Formulae:-
1. Gain= (S.P-C.P)
2. Loss= (C.P-S.P)
3. Loss or Gain is always reckoned
on C.P.
4. Gain %=( gain*100)/C.P
5. Loss %=( loss*100)/C.P
6. S.P= [(100+gain%)/100]*C.P
7. S.P= [(100-loss%)/100]*C.P
8. C.P= (100*S.P)/(100+gain%)
9. C.P = (100*S.P)/(100-loss%)
10. If an article is sold at a gain
of say,35%,then S.P=135% of C.P.
11. If an article is sold at a loss
of say,35%,then S.P=65% of C.P.
12. When a person sells two similar
items, one at a gain of say, x%, and the other at a loss of x%, then the seller
always incurs a loss given by Loss%=[common loss and gain %/10]2=(x/10)2
13. If a trader professes to sell
his goods at cost price,but uses false weight, then Gain%=[(error/(true
value-error))*100]%
14.
Net selling price=Marked price-Discount
EXERCISE
Question:-
40 Time:-
60Mins
1. The
profit obtained by selling an article for Rs.56 is the same as the loss
obtained by selling it for Rs.42. What is the cost price of the article?
1) Rs.40 2)
Rs.50 3) Rs.49 4) None of these
2. A dealer
professes to sell his goods at cost price and uses an 880gm weight instead of a
kg. What is his percentage of gain?
1) 13.13% 2)
13.33% 3) 13.36% 4) 13.63% 5) None of These
3. P sold an
article for Rs.1,080 thereby losing 10% Q sold another article for Rs.1,800 at
a loss of 10%. Who incurred a greater loss?
1) P 2) Q 3)
Cannot say 4) Both have equal
4. Swapna
bought 15 apples for Rs.10 and sold them at the rate of 12 apples for Rs.12.
What is the percentage of profit made by her?
1) 100% 2)
150% 3) 125% 4) None of these
5. By
selling some cloth at the cost price a merchant still gained 19(1/21)%. How
much less cloth does he measure for a meter?
1) 15cm 2)
16cm 3) 20cm 4) None of these
6. 30% loss
on cost price in what percent loss on selling price?
1) 30% 2)
20% 3) 15% 4) None of these
7. Arun
purchased a house for Rs.75,000 and a site for Rs.15,000 respectively, if he
sold the house for Rs.83,000 and the site for Rs.10,000, then find the
resultant percentage of gain?
1) 3% 2) 3(1/3)% 3) 30% 4) 33(1/3)% 5) None of These
8. The
manufacturing cost of a watch is Rs.180 and the transportation lost is Rs.500
for 100 watches. What will be the selling price if it is sold at 20% gains ?
1) Rs.222 2)
Rs.216 3) Rs.221 4) Rs.220 5) None of these
9. A person,
by selling an article at three-fourths of the list price incurs a loss of 20%.
Find the profit percentage if he sells at the list price?
1) 25% 2)
6.66% 3) 11(1/9)% 4) Cannot be determined5) None of these
10. A sells
an article to B at a gain of 20%. B sells is to C at a gain of 25% and C in
turn sells is to D at a loss of 331/3%. If D paid Rs.1,000 for it, then what is
the cost price of A.
1) Rs.1,000
2) Rs.2,000 3) Rs.3,000 4) Rs.4,000 5) None of These
11. Ajay had
purchased a second hand scooter for 18,000 and spent Rs.1,800 for repairs.
After one year he wanted to sell the scooter. At what price should he sell it
to gain 11(1/9)%, if 9(1/11)% is to be deducted at the end of every year on
account of deprecation?
1) Rs.18,000
2) Rs.19,800 3) Rs.20,000 4) Rs.22,500 5)
None of These
12. After
getting three equal successive discount percentages over a marked price of
Rs.1,000 a customer has to pay 729 for an article. What is the rate of each of
the successive discounts?
1) 10% 2) 20% 3) 30% 4) 40% 5) None of these
13.
One-fifth of the cost price, one-seventh of the marked price and one-sixth of
the selling price are all equal. What is the gain or loss to the trader?
1) 20% gain 2) 16(2/3)% loss 3) 14(2/7)% gain 4) 10% loss 5) None of These
14. Due to a
slump in the market, A, while selling 12 apples to B, allows him to count them
as 9. But due to an overnight demand A is forced to buy them back at the same
rate as he sold and allows B to count 9 apples as 12. What is overall gain
percentage of B ?
1) 77(7/9)%
2) 75% 3) 50% 4) 66(2/3)% 5) None of These
15. A trader
offers to give two articles free for every 10 articles I purchase. I get a
total of 10 articles free for my purchase and I sell them all at a rate such that
I get back my investment from the sale of just 10 of the articles. What is my
overall percentage of profit
1) 100% 2)
150% 3) 500% 4) 250% 5) None of These.
16. A
mechanic purchases a cooler for Rs.32,000 and incurs Rs.13,000 on installation
and repairs. After one year he sold it for Rs.40,000. What is the profit or
loss percentage, if the deprecation rate of the machine is 20% p.a?
1) 8(1/3)% 2) 12(1/12)% 3) 16(1/4)% 4) 11(1/9)%
5) None of These.
17. Ramya
bought a certain number of apples at 6 apples for Rs.10 and sold them at 4
apples for Rs.10. Find the number of apples she bought if total gain is Rs.60 ?
1) 30 2) 31 3) 62 4)
None of these
18. 5kg of
ghee was bought by Venu for Rs.300. One kg becomes spoilt. He sells the
remaining in such a way that on the whole he incurs a loss of 10%. At what
price per kg does he sell the ghee?
1) Rs.46.25
2) Rs.45.70 3) Rs.46.60 4) Rs.67.50 5) None of These
19. A trader
professes to lose 10% in selling 2kgs of rice. He uses 2 weighing stones, each
of which is marked 1kg but weighs less. If the percentage of profit is 26/7%
and one of the two stones weighs only 800 gm, how much does the second stone
weigh
1) 800gm 2)
850gm 3) 900gm 4) 950gm 5) None of These.
20. A girl
sold her pen for Rs.39 and got a percentage of profit numerically equal to the
cost price. The cost price of that pen is..
1) Rs.25 2)
Rs.20 3) Rs.30 4) None of these
21. A person
loses 10% on one investment but gains 20% on another. If the ratio of the
investments is 3:4, what is the percentage of gain or loss on the two
investments taken together?
1) 6(1/8)%
2) 7(1/7)%
3) 11(1/9)%
4) None of
these
22. A trader
professes to sell all articles at a loss of 25%, but sells three-fifth of them
at a gain of 25% and the remaining at a loss of 25%. What is his overall
percentage of gain or loss ?
1) 5% loss
2) 10% gain 3) 5% gain 4) No loss, No gain 5) None of these
23. A man
sells an article at a profit of 20%. If he had bought it at 10% less and sold
it for Rs.18 more, he would have gained 40%. Find the cost price of the
article.
1) Rs.500 2)
Rs.300 3) Rs.400 4) Rs.550 5) None of these
24. An
article was sold at a profit of 20%. If both cost price and selling price are
Rs.100 less each, then magnitude of the percentage of profit would have been 4
percentage points more than that in the first case. Then the cost price is
1) Rs.500 2)
Rs.600 3) Rs.800 4) None of these
25. A man
bought 2 articles at the same price and sells them together at 30% gain. Had he
bought the first article at 20% less and the second article at 10% more and
then sold them together for Rs.48 less, he would have gained 20% on the whole.
What is the total cost of 2 articles?
1) Rs.200 2)
Rs.300 3) Rs.400 4) Rs.500 5) None of these
26. A trader
marks up the price of the product by 40%. If the discount is increased from 15%
to 25%, his profit comes down by Rs.42. What is the cost price?
1) Rs.150 2)
Rs.200 3) Rs.250 4) Rs.300 5) none of these
27. The
catalogue price of an article is Rs.15,000. If the discount is increased from
15% to 20%, then profit falls from 27.5% to 20%. Find the cost price of the
article?
1) Rs.12,000
2) Rs.10,000 3) Rs.12,250 4) Rs.12,750 5) None of these
28. The
marked price of an article is Rs.300. If the selling price is 50% more than the
amount of discount allowed, find the selling price
1) Rs.180 2)
Rs.150 3) Rs.200 4) Rs.175 5) none of these
29. The cost
of an apple is 33(1/3)% less than the cost of 1 mango. If a man sells four
apples at the cost price of 5 mangoes, what is his percentage of profit?
1) 75% 2)
81% 3) 87.5% 4) 90% 5) None of these
30. A
merchant professed to sell 20 articles at a loss which is equals to the cost
price of 2 articles but sold 18 articles at the cost price of 20 articles. What
is the gain percent?
1) 19(1/11)%
2) 10% 3) 11(1/9)% 4) 0% 5) None of
these
31. The
percentage by which the marked price exceeds the cost price of an article and
the percentage of discount allowed on the article are in the ratio of 3:2. If
it is sold at the cost price, what is the percentage of discount allowed?
1) 20% 2)
25% 3) 33(1/3)% 4) 50%
32. The
purchase prices of three articles are in the ratio 3:4:5 the first one is sold
at a profit of 10% and the second at a loss of 7.5%. If the overall percentage
of profit or loss of the first two articles is the same as the percentage
profit or loss of all the articles taken together, what is the percentage of
profit or loss in the case of the third article?
1)8.75
2)1.25 3)0 4)Can’t be determined. 5)None of these
33. A
dishonest oil merchant claims that he gets a profit of only 5% but he gives
only one litre of oil instead of 1kg. If 1.25 litre of oil weighs 1kg what is
his overall percentage of profit?
1) 31.25% 2)
25% 3) 26% 4) None of these
34. A fruit
vendor sells mangoes and bananas and gets equal revenue from each. He gets a
profit of 20% on each mango and a profit of 25% on each banana. If the ratio of
the number of bananas sold to the number of mangoes sold is 4:1, what is the
ratio of the cost price of a banana to that of a mango?
1) 1:5 2)
6:25 3) 2:9 4) Can‟t be
determined.
35. A trader
buys 150 pens for Rs.1,000 and he marks each of them at Rs.10. He gives a
discount of 20% on each pen and he gives 1 pen free on bulk purchases of 9
pens. What is his minimum possible overall percentage of profit?
1) 8% 2) 10%
3) 20% 4) 5% 5) None of these
36. A trader
gives a discount on an article such that the profit as a percent of marked
price is the same as the discount as a percent of cost price. What is the ratio
of the actual profit percentage to the actual discount percentage an the
article?
1) 4:1 2)
2:1 3) 1:2 4) Can’t be determined. 5) None of these
37. The cost
price of a computer is Rs.1,000 less then the selling price of a television and
the selling price of the computer is 30% more than the cost price of the
television. If the selling price of the computer is 4% more than the selling
price of the television, what is the percentage of profit on selling the
television?
1) 20% 2)
25% 3) 162/3% 4) Can’t be determined 5)
None of these
38. The
marked prices of two articles are in the ratio of 1:2, their discount
percentages are also in the ratio of 1:2 and the profit they get is also in the
ratio of 1:2. What is the ratio of their cost price? 1) 1:2 2) 5:8 3) 2:5 4)
Can’t be determined 5) None of These
39. A trader
purchases two watches. He marks the first one up by Rs.200 over the cost price
and gives a discount of 20% on it. The second one he marks up by 50% and gives
a discount of Rs.160. If he gains 15% on both the watches put together and 8%
on the first alone, what is the percentage of profit on the second watch?
1) 21% 2)
22% 3) 18.5% 4) Can’t be
determined. 5) None of these
40. Javed
sells 2,000 mangoes in a week. He recovers his total cost by selling first
1,200 Mangoes. He sells the next 300 Mangoes for a loss of 20% and he sells the
last 500 Mangoes for a loss of 40%. What is his overall percentage of profit?
1) 45% 2)
35% 3) 27% 4) 12.5% 5) None of these
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